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Controlled aerodynamic instability phenomena
The term controlled aerodynamic instability phenomena was first used by Cristiano Augusto Trein〔http://www.cristianotrein.com〕 in the ''Nineteenth KKCNN Symposium on Civil Engineering'' 〔Matsumoto, M.; Trein, C.; Ito, Y.; Okubo, K.; Matsumiya, H.; Kim, G.; “Controlled Aerodynamic Instability Phenomena - An Alternative Approach for Wind Power Generation Systems”, The Nineteenth KKCNN Symposium on Civil Engineering, Japan, 2006.,〕 held in Kyoto – Japan in 2006. The concept is based on the idea that aerodynamic instability phenomena, such as Kármán vortex street, flutter, galloping and buffeting, can be driven into a controlled motion and be used to extract energy from the flow, becoming an alternative approach for wind power generation systems.
==Justification==
Nowadays, when a discussion is established around the theme wind power generation, what is promptly addressed is the image of a big wind turbine getting turned by the wind. However, some alternative approaches have already been proposed in the latter decades, showing that wind turbines are not the only possibility for the exploitation of the wind for power generation purposes.
In 1977 Jeffery 〔Jeffery, J; “Oscillating Aerofoil Project”, Report from the Pocklington School Design Centre, West Green, Pocklington, York, England., 1977.〕 experimented with an oscillating aerofoil system based on a vertically mounted pivoting wing which flapped in the wind. Farthing〔http://www.econologica.org/wingedmills.html〕 discovered that this free flutter could automatically cease for high wind protection and developed floating and pile based models for pumping surface and well water as well as compressing air with auxiliary battery charging. McKinney and DeLaurier 〔McKinney, W; DeLaurier, J; “The Wingmill: An Oscillating-Wing Windmill”, Journal of Energy vol 5, n°2, pp.109-115., 1981.〕 in 1981 proposed a system called ''wingmill'', based on a rigid horizontal airfoil with articulated pitching and plunging to extract energy from the flow. This system has stimulated Moores〔Moores, J.; ” Potential Flow - 2-Dimensional Vortex Panel Model: Applications to Wingmills”, Applied Sciences Bachelor Thesis, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering – University of Toronto, Canada, 2003.〕 in 2003 to conduct further investigations on applications of such idea.
Following the same trend, other studies have already been carried out, for example the ''flutter power generation system'' proposed by Isogai et al.〔Isogai, K.; Yamasaki, M.; Matsubara, M.; Asaoka, T.; “Design Study of Elastically Supported Flapping Wing Power Generator”, Proceedings of International Forum on Aeroelasticity and Structural Dynamics, Amsterdam, 2003.〕 in 2003, which uses the flutter instability caused by the wind on an aerofoil to extract energy from the flow. In this branch, Matsumoto et al.〔Matsumoto, M.; Mizuno; K., Okubo, K.; Ito, Y.; Kim, G.; “Fundamental Study on Flutter Generation System”, The Eighteenth KKCNN Symposium on Civil Engineering, Taiwan, 2005.〕 went further, proposing enhancements for that system and assessing the feasibility of its usage with bluff bodies. The "kite motors" of Dave Santos utilize aerofoil instabilities.〔(KiteMotor Energy Kites ) Dave Santos, robotist, kite engineer uses aero instabilities to gain wind power from kites.〕
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